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For Muhammadiyah, Islam is not merely teaching peace but Islam should be progressive in the peaceful coexistence. Besides, this concept is also used to decrease social tensions between Islam and local cultures that have been existed before Islam entering to the society.

It is a concept of Islam which teaches its adherents to live together with others. This is an ijtihad, theological judgements based on the fundementals of religion, to elevate Islam as rahmat lil ‘alamiin (blessing for the entire universe). The conggres of NU on 1-5 August 2015 declares itself as Islam Nusantara (Archipelagic Islam). The NU is visible in the form of accepted traditional culture which is as part of Indonesian culture. Abdurrahman Wahid, the grandson of NU founder Hasyim Asy'ari, inherited the leadership from his father, and was later elected Presiden of the Republic of Indonesia in 1999. This organisation was established on Januto preserve the local culture and maintain Aswaja (Ah-al-Sunnah wal Jama’ah) in Indonesia. While NU is traditionalist Sunni Islam group and it is as the biggest Islamic social organisation in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah which is earlier established, is well known as modernist Islamic organisation that is very keen to concern on philanthropy. Both Islamic organisations have shifted the socio-religious discourses in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah and Nahdlatul Ulama ( NU) are the biggest Islamic social organization not only in Indonesia but also in the world. It seems that the ulamas have unquestioned power regarding religion and they use it conveniently in order to superimpose their views even if they are partisan and parochial. These discourses play a critical role in creating power dominance through creating an authoritarian system where the ulamas feel very convenient to give a verdict on the society regarding any political or social issues. This relationship is often commented with other discourses such as politics, economics and other important ideas in a society. There is a strong relationship between the ulama and the ummat which means the believers in an Islamic society. Religious leaders, who are called as ulama in Islam, have the authority and the dominant power to articulate any religious discourse by means of texts, both in written and spoken formats for establishing a social system.

Religions have always shaped society in various ways while at times there have been issues related to religious persecution, at other times religions have also lead to national and societal unity among people. Religious discourse is one of the most important aspects to be examined in order to understand a social system where religious authorities play a very vital role.